package ezvcard.io.xml;

import static ezvcard.io.xml.XCardQNames.GROUP;
import static ezvcard.io.xml.XCardQNames.PARAMETERS;
import static ezvcard.io.xml.XCardQNames.VCARD;
import static ezvcard.io.xml.XCardQNames.VCARDS;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMResult;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXTransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.TransformerHandler;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Text;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.AttributesImpl;

import ezvcard.VCard;
import ezvcard.VCardDataType;
import ezvcard.io.EmbeddedVCardException;
import ezvcard.io.SkipMeException;
import ezvcard.io.scribe.VCardPropertyScribe;
import ezvcard.parameter.VCardParameters;
import ezvcard.property.VCardProperty;
import ezvcard.property.Xml;
import ezvcard.util.ListMultimap;
import ezvcard.util.Utf8Writer;
import ezvcard.util.XmlUtils;

/*
 Copyright (c) 2012-2018, Michael Angstadt
 All rights reserved.

 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 

 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 

 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
 ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
 ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

 The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those
 of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies, 
 either expressed or implied, of the FreeBSD Project.
 */

/**
 * <p>
 * Writes xCards (XML-encoded vCards) in a streaming fashion.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * <b>Example:</b>
 * </p>
 * 
 * <pre class="brush:java">
 * VCard vcard1 = ...
 * VCard vcard2 = ...
 * File file = new File("vcards.xml");
 * XCardWriter writer = null;
 * try {
 *   writer = new XCardWriter(file);
 *   writer.write(vcard1);
 *   writer.write(vcard2);
 * } finally {
 *   if (writer != null) writer.close();
 * }
 * </pre>
 * @author Michael Angstadt
 * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6351">RFC 6351</a>
 */
public class XCardWriter extends XCardWriterBase {
        //How to use SAX to write XML: http://stackoverflow.com/q/4898590

        private final Document DOC = XmlUtils.createDocument();

        private final Writer writer;
        private final TransformerHandler handler;
        private final boolean vcardsElementExists;
        private boolean started = false;

        /**
         * @param out the output stream to write to (UTF-8 encoding will be used)
         */
        public XCardWriter(OutputStream out) {
                this(out, (Integer) null);
        }

        /**
         * @param out the output stream to write to (UTF-8 encoding will be used)
         * @param indent the number of indent spaces to use for pretty-printing or
         * null to disable pretty-printing (disabled by default)
         */
        public XCardWriter(OutputStream out, Integer indent) {
                this(out, indent, null);
        }

        /**
         * @param out the output stream to write to (UTF-8 encoding will be used)
         * @param indent the number of indent spaces to use for pretty-printing or
         * null to disable pretty-printing (disabled by default)
         * @param xmlVersion the XML version to use (defaults to "1.0") (Note: Many
         * JDKs only support 1.0 natively. For XML 1.1 support, add a JAXP library
         * like <a href=
         * "http://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg%3A%22xalan%22%20AND%20a%3A%22xalan%22"
         * >xalan</a> to your project)
         */
        public XCardWriter(OutputStream out, Integer indent, String xmlVersion) {
                this(out, new XCardOutputProperties(indent, xmlVersion));
        }

        /**
         * @param out the output stream to write to (UTF-8 encoding will be used)
         * @param outputProperties properties to assign to the JAXP transformer (see
         * {@link Transformer#setOutputProperty})
         */
        public XCardWriter(OutputStream out, Map<String, String> outputProperties) {
                this(new Utf8Writer(out), outputProperties);
        }

        /**
         * @param file the file to write to (UTF-8 encoding will be used)
         * @throws IOException if there's a problem opening the file
         */
        public XCardWriter(File file) throws IOException {
                this(file, (Integer) null);
        }

        /**
         * @param file the file to write to (UTF-8 encoding will be used)
         * @param indent the number of indent spaces to use for pretty-printing or
         * null to disable pretty-printing (disabled by default)
         * @throws IOException if there's a problem opening the file
         */
        public XCardWriter(File file, Integer indent) throws IOException {
                this(file, indent, null);
        }

        /**
         * @param file the file to write to (UTF-8 encoding will be used)
         * @param indent the number of indent spaces to use for pretty-printing or
         * null to disable pretty-printing (disabled by default)
         * @param xmlVersion the XML version to use (defaults to "1.0") (Note: Many
         * JDKs only support 1.0 natively. For XML 1.1 support, add a JAXP library
         * like <a href=
         * "http://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg%3A%22xalan%22%20AND%20a%3A%22xalan%22"
         * >xalan</a> to your project)
         * @throws IOException if there's a problem opening the file
         */
        public XCardWriter(File file, Integer indent, String xmlVersion) throws IOException {
                this(file, new XCardOutputProperties(indent, xmlVersion));
        }

        /**
         * @param file the file to write to (UTF-8 encoding will be used)
         * @param outputProperties properties to assign to the JAXP transformer (see
         * {@link Transformer#setOutputProperty})
         * @throws IOException if there's a problem opening the file
         */
        public XCardWriter(File file, Map<String, String> outputProperties) throws IOException {
                this(new Utf8Writer(file), outputProperties);
        }

        /**
         * @param writer the writer to write to
         */
        public XCardWriter(Writer writer) {
                this(writer, (Integer) null);
        }

        /**
         * @param writer the writer to write to
         * @param indent the number of indent spaces to use for pretty-printing or
         * null to disable pretty-printing (disabled by default)
         */
        public XCardWriter(Writer writer, Integer indent) {
                this(writer, indent, null);
        }

        /**
         * @param writer the writer to write to
         * @param indent the number of indent spaces to use for pretty-printing or
         * null to disable pretty-printing (disabled by default)
         * @param xmlVersion the XML version to use (defaults to "1.0") (Note: Many
         * JDKs only support 1.0 natively. For XML 1.1 support, add a JAXP library
         * like <a href=
         * "http://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg%3A%22xalan%22%20AND%20a%3A%22xalan%22"
         * >xalan</a> to your project)
         */
        public XCardWriter(Writer writer, Integer indent, String xmlVersion) {
                this(writer, new XCardOutputProperties(indent, xmlVersion));
        }

        /**
         * @param writer the writer to write to
         * @param outputProperties properties to assign to the JAXP transformer (see
         * {@link Transformer#setOutputProperty})
         */
        public XCardWriter(Writer writer, Map<String, String> outputProperties) {
                this(writer, null, outputProperties);
        }

        /**
         * @param parent the DOM node to add child elements to
         */
        public XCardWriter(Node parent) {
                this(null, parent, Collections.<String, String> emptyMap());
        }

        private XCardWriter(Writer writer, Node parent, Map<String, String> outputProperties) {
                this.writer = writer;

                if (parent instanceof Document) {
                        Node root = ((Document) parent).getDocumentElement();
                        if (root != null) {
                                parent = root;
                        }
                }
                this.vcardsElementExists = isVCardsElement(parent);

                try {
                        SAXTransformerFactory factory = (SAXTransformerFactory) TransformerFactory.newInstance();
                        handler = factory.newTransformerHandler();
                } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }

                Transformer transformer = handler.getTransformer();

                /*
                 * Using Transformer#setOutputProperties(Properties) doesn't work for
                 * some reason for setting the number of indentation spaces.
                 */
                for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : outputProperties.entrySet()) {
                        String key = entry.getKey();
                        String value = entry.getValue();
                        transformer.setOutputProperty(key, value);
                }

                Result result = (writer == null) ? new DOMResult(parent) : new StreamResult(writer);
                handler.setResult(result);
        }

        private boolean isVCardsElement(Node node) {
                if (node == null) {
                        return false;
                }

                if (!(node instanceof Element)) {
                        return false;
                }

                return XmlUtils.hasQName(node, VCARDS);
        }

        @Override
        protected void _write(VCard vcard, List<VCardProperty> properties) throws IOException {
                try {
                        if (!started) {
                                handler.startDocument();

                                if (!vcardsElementExists) {
                                        //don't output a <vcards> element if the parent is a <vcards> element
                                        start(VCARDS);
                                }

                                started = true;
                        }

                        ListMultimap<String, VCardProperty> propertiesByGroup = new ListMultimap<String, VCardProperty>(); //group the types by group name (null = no group name)
                        for (VCardProperty property : properties) {
                                propertiesByGroup.put(property.getGroup(), property);
                        }

                        start(VCARD);

                        for (Map.Entry<String, List<VCardProperty>> entry : propertiesByGroup) {
                                String groupName = entry.getKey();
                                if (groupName != null) {
                                        AttributesImpl attr = new AttributesImpl();
                                        attr.addAttribute(XCardQNames.NAMESPACE, "", "name", "", groupName);

                                        start(GROUP, attr);
                                }

                                for (VCardProperty property : entry.getValue()) {
                                        write(property, vcard);
                                }

                                if (groupName != null) {
                                        end(GROUP);
                                }
                        }

                        end(VCARD);
                } catch (SAXException e) {
                        throw new IOException(e);
                }
        }

        /**
         * Terminates the XML document and closes the output stream.
         */
        public void close() throws IOException {
                try {
                        if (!started) {
                                handler.startDocument();

                                if (!vcardsElementExists) {
                                        //don't output a <vcards> element if the parent is a <vcards> element
                                        start(VCARDS);
                                }
                        }

                        if (!vcardsElementExists) {
                                end(VCARDS);
                        }
                        handler.endDocument();
                } catch (SAXException e) {
                        throw new IOException(e);
                }

                if (writer != null) {
                        writer.close();
                }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
        private void write(VCardProperty property, VCard vcard) throws SAXException {
                VCardPropertyScribe scribe = index.getPropertyScribe(property);
                VCardParameters parameters = scribe.prepareParameters(property, targetVersion, vcard);

                //get the property element to write
                Element propertyElement;
                if (property instanceof Xml) {
                        Xml xml = (Xml) property;
                        Document value = xml.getValue();
                        if (value == null) {
                                return;
                        }
                        propertyElement = value.getDocumentElement();
                } else {
                        QName qname = scribe.getQName();
                        propertyElement = DOC.createElementNS(qname.getNamespaceURI(), qname.getLocalPart());
                        try {
                                scribe.writeXml(property, propertyElement);
                        } catch (SkipMeException e) {
                                return;
                        } catch (EmbeddedVCardException e) {
                                return;
                        }
                }

                start(propertyElement);

                write(parameters);
                write(propertyElement);

                end(propertyElement);
        }

        private void write(Element propertyElement) throws SAXException {
                NodeList children = propertyElement.getChildNodes();
                for (int i = 0; i < children.getLength(); i++) {
                        Node child = children.item(i);

                        if (child instanceof Element) {
                                Element element = (Element) child;

                                if (element.hasChildNodes()) {
                                        start(element);
                                        write(element);
                                        end(element);
                                } else {
                                        childless(element);
                                }

                                continue;
                        }

                        if (child instanceof Text) {
                                Text text = (Text) child;
                                text(text.getTextContent());
                                continue;
                        }
                }
        }

        private void write(VCardParameters parameters) throws SAXException {
                if (parameters.isEmpty()) {
                        return;
                }

                start(PARAMETERS);

                for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> parameter : parameters) {
                        String parameterName = parameter.getKey().toLowerCase();
                        start(parameterName);

                        for (String parameterValue : parameter.getValue()) {
                                VCardDataType dataType = parameterDataTypes.get(parameterName);
                                String dataTypeElementName = (dataType == null) ? "unknown" : dataType.getName().toLowerCase();

                                start(dataTypeElementName);
                                text(parameterValue);
                                end(dataTypeElementName);
                        }

                        end(parameterName);
                }

                end(PARAMETERS);
        }

        /**
         * Makes an childless element appear as {@code<foo />} instead of
         * {@code<foo></foo>}
         * @param element the element
         * @throws SAXException
         */
        private void childless(Element element) throws SAXException {
                Attributes attributes = getElementAttributes(element);
                handler.startElement(element.getNamespaceURI(), "", element.getLocalName(), attributes);
                handler.endElement(element.getNamespaceURI(), "", element.getLocalName());
        }

        private void start(Element element) throws SAXException {
                Attributes attributes = getElementAttributes(element);
                start(element.getNamespaceURI(), element.getLocalName(), attributes);
        }

        private void start(String element) throws SAXException {
                start(element, new AttributesImpl());
        }

        private void start(QName qname) throws SAXException {
                start(qname, new AttributesImpl());
        }

        private void start(QName qname, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
                start(qname.getNamespaceURI(), qname.getLocalPart(), attributes);
        }

        private void start(String element, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
                start(targetVersion.getXmlNamespace(), element, attributes);
        }

        private void start(String namespace, String element, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
                handler.startElement(namespace, "", element, attributes);
        }

        private void end(Element element) throws SAXException {
                end(element.getNamespaceURI(), element.getLocalName());
        }

        private void end(String element) throws SAXException {
                end(targetVersion.getXmlNamespace(), element);
        }

        private void end(QName qname) throws SAXException {
                end(qname.getNamespaceURI(), qname.getLocalPart());
        }

        private void end(String namespace, String element) throws SAXException {
                handler.endElement(namespace, "", element);
        }

        private void text(String text) throws SAXException {
                handler.characters(text.toCharArray(), 0, text.length());
        }

        private Attributes getElementAttributes(Element element) {
                AttributesImpl attributes = new AttributesImpl();
                NamedNodeMap attributeNodes = element.getAttributes();
                for (int i = 0; i < attributeNodes.getLength(); i++) {
                        Node node = attributeNodes.item(i);

                        String localName = node.getLocalName();
                        if ("xmlns".equals(localName)) {
                                continue;
                        }

                        attributes.addAttribute(node.getNamespaceURI(), "", localName, "", node.getNodeValue());
                }
                return attributes;
        }
}